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Isaac Barrow (October 1630 – 4 May 1677) was an English Christian theologian and mathematician who is generally given credit for his early role in the development of infinitesimal calculus; in particular, for the discovery of the fundamental theorem of calculus. His work centered on the properties of the tangent; Barrow was the first to calculate the tangents of the kappa curve. Isaac Newton was a student of Barrow's, and Newton went on to develop calculus in a modern form. The lunar crater Barrow is named after him. ==Biography== Barrow was born in London. He was the son of Thomas Barrow, a linen draper by trade. In 1624, Thomas married Ann, daughter of William Buggin of North Cray, Kent and their son Isaac was born in 1630. It appears that Barrow was the only child of this union - certainly the only child to survive infancy. Ann died around 1634, and the widowed father sent the lad to his grandfather, Isaac, the Cambridgeshire J.P., who resided at Spinney Abbey. Within two years, however, Thomas remarried; the new wife was Katherine Oxinden, sister of Henry Oxinden of Maydekin, Kent. From this marriage, he had at least one daughter, Elizabeth (born 1641), and a son, Thomas, who apprenticed to Edward Miller, skinner, and won his release in 1647, emigrating to Barbados in 1680. Isaac went to school first at Charterhouse (where he was so turbulent and pugnacious that his father was heard to pray that if it pleased God to take any of his children he could best spare Isaac), and subsequently to Felsted School, where he settled and learned under the brilliant puritan Headmaster Martin Holbeach who ten years previously had educated John Wallis.〔M R Craze ''A History of Felsted School, 1564–1947'' Cowell 1955〕 Having learnt Greek, Hebrew, Latin and logic at Felsted, in preparation for university studies,〔J J O'Connor and E F Robertson - School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews (gap-system ) Retrieved 2012-02-01〕 he continued his education at Trinity College, Cambridge; his uncle and namesake Isaac Barrow, afterwards Bishop of St Asaph, was a Fellow of Peterhouse. He took to hard study, distinguishing himself in classics and mathematics; after taking his degree in 1648, he was elected to a fellowship in 1649. Barrow received an MA from Cambridge in 1652 as a student of James Duport; he then resided for a few years in college, and became candidate for the Greek Professorship at Cambridge, but in 1655 having refused to sign the Engagement to uphold the Commonwealth, he obtained travel grants to go abroad.〔 〕 He spent the next four years travelling across France, Italy, Smyrna and Constantinople, and after many adventures returned to England in 1659. He was known for his courageousness. Particularly noted is the occasion of his having saved the ship to which he were upon by the merits of his own prowess, from capture by pirates. He is described as "low in stature, lean, and of a pale complexion", slovenly in his dress, and having a committed and long-standing habit of tobacco use (an ''inveterate smoker''). In respect to his courtly activities his aptitude to wit earned him favour with Charles II, and the respect of his fellow courtiers, in his writings one might find accordingly, a sustained and somewhat stately eloquence. An altogether impressive personage of the time, having lived a blameless life into which he exercised conduct with due care and conscientiousness.〔D.R. Wilkins - Trinity College, Dublin (School of Mathematics ) Retrieved 2012-02-01〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isaac Barrow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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